Attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City, so as to provide insights into the construction of smoke-free governments.@*Methods@#Ten governments were randomly sampled from city-level and county/district-level smoke-free governments in Ningbo City using a stratified random sampling method, and 10 civil servants were sampled from each government using a convenient sampling method. Participants' demographics, attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control and second-hand smoke exposure were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and descriptively analyzed.@*Results@# A total of 1 100 civil servants were recruited, including 466 men (42.36%) and had a mean age of (39.02±9.38) years. There were 1 005 participants favoring “civil servants should refuse smoking firstly” (91.36%), 1 058 participants favoring “governments should build a smoke-free environment firstly” (96.18%), 1 075 participants favoring “smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places” (97.73%), 913 participants thinking that smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places (83.00%) and 813 participants thinking that tobacco control regulations are implemented satisfactorily in their workplaces (73.91%). The overall prevalence of current smoking was 11.91% among participants, and the prevalence of current smoking was 28.11% among male participants. Among all current smokers, 84 attempted to quit smoking (64.12%), and 89 had willingness or plans to quit smoking (67.94%). The proportion of second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces was 40.97% among non-smokers in the past one week.@*Conclusions@# The civil servants in Ningbo City has correct awareness of smoke-free governments, active attitudes towards tobacco control and low prevalence of smoking. However, smoke-free regulations remain to be improved and long-term tobacco control mechanisms remain to be created in governments in Ningbo City

Investigation and analysis of smoking behaviour of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai / 环境与职业医学

Background The tobacco epidemic as one of the most serious public health problems in the world contributes great harm to human health. It is urgent to develop tobacco control strategy. Civil servants' behaviors as a role model for society have a great influence on the rest of society. Thus, it is important to promote tobacco control program on helping civil servants to quit smoking. Objective To understand the smoking and second-hand smoking exposures status, the awareness of knowledge of tobacco hazards, and the attitudes to tobacco control policies of civil servants in Minhang District, Shanghai. Furthermore, to explore the related strategies and measures for tobacco control, to provide a basis for the development and revision of relevant intervention measures and policies. Methods A total of 20 government agencies with newly installed smoking-free programs from 10 subdistricts and towns in Minhang District, including Xinzhuang, Wujing, Maqiao, Qibao, Meilong, Hongqiao, Zhuanqiao, Jiangchuan, Gumei, and Xinhong were selected as study sites.A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all civil servants (n=801) of selected agencies. The questionnaire included general characteristics, smoking and second-hand smoking exposure status, knowledge of tobacco hazard, and attitudes to tobacco control policies. Results A total of 794 civil servants returned valid questionnaires. The awareness rate of tobacco hazards in the smoking group was lower than that in the non-smoking group (P<0.05). Relatively high smoking rates were reported in those being male (17.08%), age ≥51 years old (25.61%), divorced or widowed (12.50%), technical secondary school or below education level (22.81%), having more than 10 years of working years (11.57%), being willing to dissuade indoor smoking (24.54%), having no punishment or warning measures for violation of smoking regulations in workplaces (18.37%), and having no dedicated smoking spot at home (15.38%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age 31-40 years old (OR=3.446, 95%CI: 1.236-9.609) and to avoid confronting indoor smoking (OR=3.686, 95%CI: 1.041-13.049) were risk factors for smoking in civil servants. Conclusion Civil servants aged 31-40 years old who deliberately avoid confronting indoor smoking behaviors are the key intervention population of smoking control in Minhang District, Shanghai.

Servidores com deficiência vinculados à administração pública indireta no nordeste do Brasil / Disabled civil servants with ties to the indirect public administration in the northeast of Brazil / Servidores públicos con discapacidad vinculados a la administración pública indirecta en el noreste de Brasil

Resumo A Constituição Federal de 1988 estabeleceu vagas específicas às pessoas com deficiência no setor público brasileiro. O artigo teve por objetivo traçar o perfil demográfico e socioeconômico das pessoas com deficiência nos nove estados do Nordeste e compará-lo ao dos servidores sem deficiência, no ano de 2017. Estudo transversal com dados secundários da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais sobre 312.194 servidores. Calcularam-se as frequências de servidores com e sem deficiência segundo sexo, tipo de deficiência, faixa etária, escolaridade, ocupação, tipo de vínculo, tempo de emprego, remuneração e carga horária semanal. O percentual de pessoas com deficiência esteve abaixo de 2%, idade média 44,2 anos (DP 10,4), predomínio do sexo masculino, escolaridade fundamental completo e vínculo celetista. Ao estratificar por tipo de vínculo e demais variáveis, o servidor sem deficiência possui maior tempo de emprego, maior salário-hora, maior remuneração e menor carga horária semanal do que servidores com deficiência. A menor presença feminina entre as pessoas com deficiência no setor público e as menores remunerações percebidas no grupo de servidores com deficiência podem nortear, dentro desses espaços, a necessidade de mais políticas de inclusão e isonomia e de estudos nessa linha de investigação.

Abstract The 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution established specific posts for disables people in the public sector. The present article had the goal of describing the demographic and socioeconomic profile of disabled persons in the nine states of the Northeastern region of Brazil and compare it to that of the civil servants without disabilities in 2017. It is a cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Annual List of Social Data about 312,194 civil servants. We calculated the frequencies of the civil servants with and without disabilities according to gender, type of disability, age group, level of schooling, occupation, type of employment bond, time on the job, wage, and weekly working hours. The percentage of people with disabilities was below 2%, and the sample had a mean age of 44.2 years (standard deviation: 10.4), a higher prevalence of the male gender, basic level of schooling, and their jobs were tied to the Brazilian Consolidated Labor Legislation. By stratifying by type of employment bond and other variables, the civil servant without disability has a longer time on the job, higher hourly wages, higher wages, and lower weekly working hours than the disabled civil servants. The lower presence of women among the persons with disabilities in the public sector, as well as the lower wages verified among the group of disabled civil servants may guide, within those spaces, the need for more policies of inclusion and isonomy, as well as for more studies following this line of investigation.

Resumen La Constitución Federal Brasileña de 1988 estableció plazas específicas para las personas con discapacidad en el sector público. El artículo tiene el objetivo de describir el perfil demográfico y socioeconómico de las personas con discapacidad en los nueve estados de la región Noreste de Brasil y compararlo con el de los servidores sin discapacidad en el año 2017. Se trata de un estudio transversal con datos secundarios de la Relación Anual de Informaciones Sociales sobre 312.194 servidores. Calculamos las frecuencias de servidores con y sin discapacidad según el género, el tipo de discapacidad, la franja etaria, la escolaridad, la ocupación, el tipo de vínculo, el tiempo en el trabajo, la remuneración y las horas semanales de trabajo. El porcentaje de personas con discapacidad estuvo abajo del 2%, y la muestra tenía edad media de 44,2 años (desviación estándar: 10,4), predominio del género masculino, escolaridad básica completa, y vínculo con la Consolidación de Leyes Laborales. Al estratificar por tipo de vínculo y por otras variables, el servidor sin discapacidad tiene más tempo en el trabajo, sueldo horario más alto, remuneración más alta, y menos horas de trabajo semanales que los servidores con discapacidad. La menor presencia femenina entre las personas con discapacidad en el sector público y las remuneraciones más bajas verificadas en el grupo de servidores con discapacidad pueden nortear, en eses espacios, la necesidad de más políticas de inclusión e isonomía, y de estudios en esa línea de investigación.

"Wish you were here" confianza en la administración pública en Latinoamérica / "Wish you were here" confiança na administração pública na América Latina / "Wish you were here" trust in public administration in Latin America

Resumen Sabemos que los ciudadanos latinoamericanos desconfían mucho de las instituciones. Pero ¿qué subyace a dichas actitudes? Este trabajo presenta un esfuerzo exploratorio y descriptivo en torno a la Administración Pública. Los objetivos son: a) contrastar las creencias que sobre dicha institución tienen la ciudadanía y los administradores, b) verificar diferencias y semejanzas entre países de la región, c) identificar ejes de reforma para promover la creación de confianza. Metodológicamente, se triangula información proveniente de tres fuentes de datos: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina, (CAF, 2014), y una encuesta propia con apoyo de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA, 2015). El análisis revela que: a) no existen diferencias apreciables entre funcionarios y ciudadanía, b) hay relativa homogeneidad entre países, c) las políticas de gobierno abierto pueden ser una excelente oportunidad para renovar la confianza.

Resumo Sabemos que os cidadãos latino-americanos são muito desconfiados das instituições. Mas o que subjaz essas atitudes? Este trabalho apresenta um esforço exploratório e descritivo em torno da Administração Pública. Os objetivos são: a) contrastar as crenças que cidadãos e administradores têm sobre a referida instituição, b) verificar diferenças e semelhanças entre os países da região, c) identificar eixos de reforma para promover a criação de confiança. Metodologicamente, as informações são coletadas de três fontes de dados: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Banco de Desenvolvimento da América Latina (CAF, 2014) e uma pesquisa própria com o apoio da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA, 2015). A análise revela que: a) não há diferenças apreciáveis entre funcionários e cidadãos, b) há relativa homogeneidade entre países, c) políticas governamentais abertas podem ser uma excelente oportunidade para renovar a confiança.

Abstract Studies show that Latin American citizens do not trust institutions. But what underlies this distrust? This work presents an exploratory and descriptive effort around Public Administration. The goals are: a) to contrast the beliefs that citizens and administrators have about Public Administration, b) to verify differences and similarities between countries of the region, c) to identify aspects of reform that promote trust. Information was gathered from three data sources: Latinobarómetro (2011, 2015), CAF Development Bank of Latin America, (2014), and a survey with the support of the Organization of American State (OAS, 2015). The analysis reveals that: a) there are no appreciable differences between officials and citizens, b) there is relative homogeneity between countries, c) open government policies can be an excellent opportunity to renew trust.

A política de cotas étnico-raciais para concursos públicos de ensino superior / The policy of ethnic-racial quotas for public competitions of higher education level

A situação problemática que instigou a presente pesquisa é se os fundamentos da Política Pública de inclusão étnico-racial, através da reserva de cotas em concursos públicos de nível superior, instituídas pela lei 12.990/2014, se sustentam diante do princípio igualdade material, considerando que já existe uma política de inclusão nos cursos superiores das universidades públicas para este grupo? Para responder esta indagação, o método de abordagem foi o hipotético-dedutivo, haja visto que a partir do problema levantado algumas hipóteses podem ser arguidas, as quais serão, ao longo da pesquisa, refutadas ou confirmadas. Quanto à técnica de pesquisa empregou-se a consulta de bibliografia, de periódicos e de acervos jurisprudenciais. Assim, partindo-se do pressuposto de que a já existente Política Pública de cotas étnico-raciais para inclusão nos cursos de ensino superior implementada pela lei 12.711/2012, se dispõe exatamente em viabilizar o requisito mínimo para aqueles que pretendem concorrer às vagas de nível superior de ensino dispostas pela Administração Pública, pode-se afirmar que existe uma relação de bis in idem entre as leis em comento. No entanto, apesar dessa constatação, resta compreensível e aceitável a aplicação da lei 12.990/2014 devido à obrigação do Estado, inclusive perante o cenário internacional, em promover a plenitude da igualdade material, como também, conforme o argumento da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, na promoção da estabilidade sociocultural in loco, proporcionando o sentimento de pertença nas gerações vindouras.

The problematic situation that prompted this research is whether the foundations of public policies of ethnic-racial inclusion, by reserving quotas for those who take the civil servants exams of higher education levels, introduced by the Law 12.990/2014, which are supported on the principle of material equality, - taking into consideration the already existing inclusion policy for higher education in public universities for this group? To answer this question, the approach method used was the hypothetical-deductive one, considering the fact that, from the problem, some hypotheses emerged and they can be argued, which will be refuted or confirmed along the research. As for the research technique, the bibliography checking was used, as well as periodicals and jurisprudential collections. Thus, starting from the assumption that the existing Public Policy on ethnic-racial quotas for inclusion on these exams was implemented by the Law 12,711/2012, that enables the minimum requirement for those candidates willing to fill the number of vacancies made available by the Public Administration, it can be said that there is a bis in idem relationship concerning to the laws under discussion. However, despite this fact, it remains understandable and acceptable the law enforcement 12.990/2014 due to the obligation of the State, including the international aspect, to promote the fullness of material equality, as well as the argument of the Bar Association of Brazil and the promotion of socio-cultural stability in loco, providing a sense of belonging for those generations yet to come.

Absenteísmo-doença, modelo demanda-controle e suporte social: um estudo caso-controle aninhado em uma coorte de trabalhadores de hospitais, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Sickness-absenteeism, job demand-control model, and social support: a case-control study nested in a cohort of hospital workers, Santa Catarina, Brazil

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a contribuição do Modelo Demanda-Controle (MDC) e do suporte social para duração do absenteísmo-doença segundo Licenças para Tratamento de Saúde (LTS) nos trabalhadores de hospitais (servidores públicos) da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina (SES/SC), Brasil. Entre as secretarias deste estado, a SES/SC tem a segunda maior frequência de LTS, com destaque nos hospitais. Este é um estudo caso-controle aninhado em uma coorte de trabalhadores de hospitais da SES/SC, com acompanhamento entre 01/07/2008 e 30/06/2009. Os casos foram aqueles que apresentaram LTS nesse período, os critérios de pareamento foram sexo, faixa etária e setor de trabalho. O desfecho foi o total de dias de LTS, as variáveis de exposição foram MDC e o suporte social do supervisor e do colega. Utilizou-se dados primários e secundários, nas análises a regressão Zero-inflado Binomial Negativa, e as variáveis socioeconômicas e ocupacionais nos ajustes. O banco de dados para as análises teve 425 (144 casos; 281 controles) participantes. O baixo suporte do colega aumentou a expectativa de dias de LTS em 2,04 (IC95 por cento: 1,05-3,93), unido ao trabalho de baixa exigência aumentou 2,68 (IC95 por cento: 1,37-5,27) e ao de alta exigência (iso-strain) 78 por cento (IC95 por cento: 1,02-3,12) mais do que o MDC com alto suporte do colega. Este estudo mostrou a importância do suporte do colega sobre a duração absenteísmo-doença, e auxiliou conjeturar que a variável tempo nos trabalhadores de hospital leva a adaptação às exigências das tarefas e a monotonia. Intervenções no relacionamento entre os trabalhadores provavelmente diminuirão a duração de LTS.

The aim of the study was to identify the Job Demand-Control (JDC) and social support contribution for sickness-absenteeism duration of Health Treatment Licences (HTL) in hospital workers (civil servants) of the Santa Catarina State Department of Health of (SES/SC), Brazil. These health workers have the second highest HTL among civil servants in the state, especially those working in hospitals. This is a case-control study nested in a cohort of hospital workers followed up between 07/01/2008 and 06/30/2009. The workers with HTL in this period were selected as cases and those without HTL were selected as cases matched by sex, age and working sector. The outcome was the duration of HTL and the exposure variables were JDC and supervisor and coworker social support. We used both primary and secondary data, zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, and socioeconomic and occupation variables in the adjustments. The data used for analysis included 425 participants (144 cases; 281 controls). Low coworker support added 2,04 (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 1,05-3,93) HTL days. This effect increased to 2,68 days (95 percent CI: 1,37-5,27) when combined with low job strain and raised 78 percent (95 percent CI: 1,02-3,12) more than JDC with high coworker support combined with high strain (iso-strain). This study uncovered the importance of coworker support for the duration of sickness-absenteeism and suggested its use for the interventions aiming to decrease the duration of HTL.

Clinical predictability of the waist-to-hip ratio in assessing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease among public servants in Shijiazhuang city / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To assess the clinical predictability of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) among female civil servants who had experienced risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Methods Data was gathered from 4153 female civil servants aged 21-91 y working at universities who were enrolled in health screening centre at the Second Hospital Attached to Hebei Medical University, in 2006. WHR quartiles were determined as: <0.80, 0.80-<0.84, 0.84-<0.90 and ≥0.90. Subjects were placed into high-risk categories for cardiovascular disease on the basis of national health reference on range norms of protocol including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Results Participants had an increased likelihood of hypertension (systolic blood pressure) , dyslipidemia (elevated triacylglycerol and descending HDL-C) and diabetes mellitus at WHR≥0.84. All aforementioned variables had a significant odds ratio at WHR ≥0.84. This trend was further persisted after adjustment had been made on smoking, age, and BMI. Descended HDL-C was observed at the 0.80≤WHR<0.84 when compared with WHR< 0.80. Conclusion These data indicated an upward shift in the critical threshold for WHR to ≥0.84. Above which point, there was an elevation of risk factors on cardiovascular diseases among all the female civil servants. The trend persisted regardless of smoking, BMI <or ≥28 and at what age group, among the civil servants population.

A concessão do seguro saúde aos servidores municipais / La concesión de seguro salud a los servidores municipales / The concessionos health insurance to the municipal civil servants

O artigo analisa a possibilidade de pagamento de plano de saúde aos servidores públicos do Município, sob a forma de vantagem remuneratória. Busca esclarecer, também, quais os requisitos legais e constitucionais para que a Administração Pública possa contratar empresas de seguro de saúde em favor dos servidores.

The article analyses the issue of providing health insurance to the municipal civil servants as a paymentbenefit. It also tries to elucidate which are the lawful and constitutional formalities

El artículo analiza la posibilidad de pago, del plan de salud a los funcionarios del Municipio, bajo la forma de ventaja remuneratoria. Busca también, esclarecer, cuáles son los requisitos legales y constitucionales para que la Administración Pública pueda contratar empresas de seguro de salud enfavor de los servidores.

Analysis of Ifected Instances By Hp of Civil Servant in Beijing / 医学研究杂志

Objective To observe the infected instances of civil servant by Hp in Beijing and study the relationship between Hp and age,sex.Methods 3275 people were divided into four groups based on age:yong group,midlife group,pre-agedness group and agedness group;each group based on sex were divided into two groups.Every one was detected by 13C-urea breath test.If the resalt is over four,it is positive,otherwise it is negative.Measure dates were analised by statistical software.The infecting rate of Hp is denoted by persent,Chi square test was used in the every group.Results The mean infecting rate of Hp was 41.47%.The women in midlife group was 46.02%,it is the highest.The men over 75 in agedness group was 38.48%,it is the lowest.The infecting persent of yong group was higher than that of agedness group.The persent of midlife group and pre-agedness group was meaning result.The difference in age and sex had no statistical meaning.Conclusion The infecting rate of civil servant by Hp in Beijing is obviously lower than of people in Beijing,which is no relationship with sex and age.